Institute of Management Development and Research(IMDR)

Abstract
This study explores the dynamics of return migration in Kerala, where a
significant portion of the population has historically worked in Gulf countries. The
research identifies key factors influencing migrants' decisions to return, categorized
into personal, legal, and organizational reasons. Organizational factors emerged as
the most critical, affecting over 98 per cent of returnees. Additionally, the study
examines the involvement of returnees in their home society post-return, focusing
on cultural, political, religious, family, and social aspects. Using statistical analyses,
the findings reveal variations in engagement levels across different age groups, with
younger returnees showing less involvement than their older counterparts.
Challenges such as economic disparities, social stigmas, and adjustment issues
complicate the reintegration process. The study underscores the necessity for targeted
policies and support systems to facilitate successful reintegration, thereby leveraging
the potential contributions of returnees to local development and fostering a more
resilient and inclusive community.
Keywords:- Return Migration, Involvement, Organisational Factors, Socio
Economic Conditions, Reintegration.

Abstract
This study examines the awareness level of the MEDISEP health insurance
policy among pensioners and family pensioners in Kerala, focusing on identifying
the factors contributing to the low level of awareness. To survey a representative
sample of regional retirees and family pensioners, snowball sampling was used,
incorporating a questionnaire. The target demographic lacks awareness, indicating
the need for better promotional activities. Low awareness limits coverage,
preventative care, and insurance benefit use. To solve these issues, focused awareness
efforts, stakeholder cooperation, simpler communication, and digital platforms
are suggested. These ideas should raise awareness, helping seniors and family
pensioners use the MEDISEP health insurance coverage.
Keywords:- MEDISEP, Health Insurance, Awareness, Beneficiaries, Pensioners

Abstract
India's coffee sector holds a significant position in the global market, blending traditional
cultivation practices with innovative export strategies. This study explores the dynamics of
coffee production and exports, focusing on trends, challenges, and opportunities to strengthen
India's global competitiveness. A mixed-methods approach was employed, analyzing secondary
data from credible sources like the Coffee Board of India and the FAO. The study examined
production trends across traditional and non-traditional regions, export performance in key
markets, and comparative growth rates using Compound Annual Growth Rates (CAGR).
Findings reveal Karnataka's dominance, contributing over 50 per cent of India's coffee
cultivation area, followed by Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Emerging regions like Andhra Pradesh
and Odisha also add diversity to the production landscape. Despite slower production growth
(CAGR: 1.72 per cent) compared to global trends, India's exports have grown significantly
(CAGR: 4.15 per cent), driven by speciality coffees like Mysore Nuggets and instant coffee.
However, declining exports in mature markets like Italy and Germany highlight the need for
market diversification. This study emphasises the importance of addressing production
constraints, enhancing supply chain efficiency, and targeting emerging markets like the UAE
and Jordan. Such efforts can ensure sustainable growth, strengthen India's global presence, and
support key stakeholders in the coffee industry.
Keywords:- Coffee Production, Export Trends, Speciality Coffees, Market Diversification,
Sustainability, India's Coffee Sector.

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the different sectors of
the world. It has changed the world of retail and customer service. The unexpected
lockdowns and restrictions brought a lot of challenges and opportunities for the
business organizations and consumer behaviour, and their preferences and priorities
towards food products. The study was undertaken to investigating the
changes in consumers' food priorities and preferences during the COVID-19 pandemic
and to determine the factors that explain these changes. For that 70 sample
respondents were selected for the collection of data. The study result shows that
during the lockdown, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant rise in
foodstuff demand for some kinds is accompanied by stocking up and panic buying,
changing food purchasing behaviour and healthier dietary habits in favour of local,
natural, organic, traditional, long-life products and immune-boosting ingredients
etc.
Keywords:- Covid-19 Pandemic, Lockdown, Consumer Behaviour, Food
Priorities, Food Preferences.

Abstract
This study aims to compare customer usage and loyalty in mobile banking
services between public and private sector banks, while also exploring the relationship
between these two factors. The study is limited to Kerala, with data collected from
120 respondents. The findings reveal a slight but statistically significant variation in
mobile banking usage between public and private sector banks, with public banks
showing a marginal edge in customer loyalty. However, insights suggest that both
sectors are evolving towards a more balanced digital banking experience. The
research contributes valuable knowledge to the growing field of mobile banking
by offering a detailed analysis, with implications for enhancing digital banking services
across both public and private banks.
Keywords: Customer Loyalty, Customer Usage, Mobile Banking, Private
Sector Banks, Public Sector Banks.

Abstract
Women in the informal sector are found to be home-based workers, engaged
in the manufacture of simple goods, either on a piece rate basis or on their own account,
traders and shopkeepers or various personalised service providers. In the modern era,
women are well-educated with technical and professional skills. The majority of women
have medical, management and similar degrees and diplomas. Some of them entered
and became a part of the family business. Women started their own clinics, garment
units, small boutiques, small manufacturing and even started exporting commodities.
However, many of them have to face family antipathy and do not get adequate support
from their family and society. The empowerment of women is crucial to the process
of development of any community. Though women constitute almost half of our
population and play a vital role in every sphere of life, their importance is not
properly recognised by society. They are generally suppressed and enjoy limited
access to different fields of life, such as education, society, culture, politics, business
and so on. But a nation cannot achieve all-around development if women are not
given equal opportunity for development with their male counterparts. A society
moves when women move. Thus, the social status of women is a reliable indicator
to assess the development of society.
Keywords:- Women Entrepreneurs, Social Factors, Empowerment, MSME,
Economic Factors.

Abstract
In this competitive world, as everything is available at one's doorstep, people those
who wish to avail the needed governmental services, look for that kind of support
that will be available at their easier reach. As a result, E-governance services
Implemented by the Central government as well as the state government, have a greater
role in satisfying the citizens of our country. Due to the vast introduction of
E-governance facilities across the nation, it is also imperative to understand the
awareness of such services to the common people, and to the extent of satisfaction
derived from those services. The perception level of people towards these kinds of services
also value the importance of knowing the effectiveness of such services through various
outlets such as Akshaya centres and other customer-oriented centres, although out
our state.
Keywords:- E-governance Services, People Oriented, Imperative, Awareness,
Perception

Abstract
During this epoch of climatic changes and resource diminution, sustainability is
the key to rescuing Mother Nature. Being the torchbearers of the future, students
have a big role to play. The various extension services offered in schools, including
the National Service Scheme (NSS), Environmental Clubs, and Career Cell, are the
medium in this endeavour. These programmes can further its efforts by instilling
eco-friendly entrepreneurial skills. This paper tries to assess the participation of
students in Extension services, students' intention to engage in green entrepreneurship
and the relation between entrepreneurial skill and programme participation. This
study used survey data complemented by students and other stakeholders of the schools
of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. The study shows that there is moderate participation
in NSS and Environmental Clubs, with the most participation being noted in Career
Cells. However, intentions for green entrepreneurship are positive, as analysed with
ANOVA and regression reveal that engagement in these services does not affect
skills or intentions in terms of extension participation. The report stresses on
increasing the number of practical activities organised by extension services. Finally,
it suggests a higher level of collaboration with industries to improve students'
entrepreneurial perspectives and aspirations.
Keywords:- Green Entrepreneurship, Educational Extension Services,
Entrepreneurial Skills, Educational Programmes, Sustainable Business.

Abstract
"Act now for a greener tomorrow". Electric vehicles are a revolution in
transportation systems. In the modern era, Global warming and the rate of fuel consumption are the main
problems. Climate change and growing air pollution reduced through electric vehicles.
Vehicles make covering long distances easier and less exhausting, improving the standard
of living. Electric Vehicles not only facilitate the elimination of global warming but also
enable the diversification of the transportation sector. Electric Vehicles are
a very emerging trend in the current stage of life because the population of the
country is increasing rapidly. This will create the need for more vehicles, and the need
of more vehicles will increase the demand for fuel. The advancement that the
electric vehicle industry has seen in recent years is not only extremely introduced,
but highly necessary in light of the increasing global greenhouse gas levels. This
paper discusses the perception of customers towards electric two-wheelers in
Thiruvananthapuram. Percentage, chi-square test are used as statistical tools to analyze
the primary data. The data has been collected from the E2W owners and asked
about their expectations, awareness and perception. Most of the customers' perceived
awareness about electric two-wheelers and their satisfaction level is comparatively
low.
Keywords:- E2W, Eco-friendly, Customer Happiness, Global Warming,
Perception.

Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 had a disastrous effect on the economies
around the world. No country or economy was spared from its impact. The
pandemic has affected all sectors of the economy, and the tourism sector was
one among them. Due to the restrictions imposed by the Government due to COVID-19,
there was a drastic fall in the domestic and foreign tourists' arrival, which led to
a fall in revenue to this sector which resulting in the shutdown of many units and massive
unemployment. The state of Kerala was badly influenced by the outbreak of
COVID19. Due to the rapid fall of foreign and domestic tourist arrivals in the
state because of the pandemic, all the segments or the service providers operating
in the tourism sector were severely affected. A fall in the foreign and domestic tourists'
arrival in the state leads to a fall in customers, which in turn leads to lower revenue
and a rise in cost, which leads to retrenchment and layoffs. This paper aims to analyse
how the hospitality sector was influenced by the outbreak of COVIAbstract
This study examines the budgeted receipts and expenditures of state schemes
under the Kerala Fisheries Department over a decade, analyzing their influence on
the economic and social progression of the community. The study highlights the
significance of fisheries in Kerala's economy, the allocation of funds across various
schemes, and the challenges faced in infrastructure development and community
support. The comprehensive analysis underscores the need for balanced and strategic
investment to enhance the fisheries sector's sustainability and community welfare.
The trend line, as per the study, suggests that over the chosen study period, budget
receipts have generally increased relative to expenditures. When determining which
sector is more relevant for a state, a number of economic and financial variables
should be taken into account. The fishing industry is just as significant to a state's
economy as any other, especially for Kerala. The budgeting decision defines a sector
in terms of its commercial scope, identified opportunities, people's welfare
objectives, along the prospective performance to contribute towards the gross
domestic product. So, this study emphasises on the estimated income and expenditure
of some significant fisheries schemes over a period of ten years
. Keywords: Kerala Fisheries, Budget Trends, Fisheries Management, Schemes
Analysis, Government Funding.D19 and the
assistance provided by the Government to overcome its impact.
Keywords:- COVID19, Hospitality Sector, Tourism Sector, Tourists, Kerala.

Abstract
The study explores the awareness of Indigenous households about banking
activities in Pathanamthitta district. Financial literacy is essential for the economic
well-being of the society. This study is conducted to analyze the availability/
accessibility of financial products and services among backward households. The
study becomes helpful to know the number of people with access to these services.
This data will empower rural households to know about these services and access
them easily. This study was conducted on a sample size of 150 people in the
Pathanamthitta district who responded positively to each question made their
reviews on financial inclusion and demonstrated their knowledge about banking
products and services. Financial literacy is associated with better access to banking
services. So banks have a crucial role in the financial development of society. This
study was conducted to analyze the financial knowledge and the measures that a
bank can adopt to include the indigenous people in the world of financial
knowledge.
Keywords:- Banking Awareness, Rural People, Indigenous Households,
Financial literacy, Financial Inclusion.

Abstract
This study examines the budgeted receipts and expenditures of state schemes
under the Kerala Fisheries Department over a decade, analysing their influence on
the economic and social progression of the community. The study highlights the
significance of fisheries in Kerala's economy, the allocation of funds across various
schemes, and the challenges faced in infrastructure development and community
support. The comprehensive analysis underscores the need for balanced and strategic
investment to enhance the fisheries sector's sustainability and community welfare.
The trend line, as per the study, suggests that over the chosen study period, budget
receipts have generally increased relative to expenditures. When determining which
sector is more relevant for a state, several economic and financial variables
should be taken into account. The fishing industry is just as significant to a state's
economy as any other, especially for Kerala. The budgeting decision defines a sector
in terms of its commercial scope, identified opportunities, people's welfare
objectives, along the prospective performance to contribute towards the gross
domestic product. So, this study emphasises the estimated income and expenditure
of some significant fisheries schemes over ten years
. Keywords: Kerala Fisheries, Budget Trends, Fisheries Management, Schemes
Analysis, Government Funding.