Institute of Management Development and Research(IMDR)

Abstract
The rise of e-commerce has transformed global economies, offering wide
opportunities for entrepreneurship with minimal overhead and extensive market
reach. Women entrepreneurs, especially within the Kudumbasree units in Kerala,
are increasingly entering this digital arena, challenging traditional gender roles and
contributing to economic growth. Understanding how digital literacy influences
their success is crucial. Digital literacy, empowers entrepreneurs to reach broader
audiences, optimize operations, innovate business models, and stay competitive.
This study focuses on the current digital literacy levels among women entrepreneurs
in Kudumbasree units, the obstacles they face, and the impact of digital literacy on
their business growth and market reach. The primary challenges include cost, lack
of training, and technical issues, with cultural barriers and safety concerns also playing
roles. The positive correlation between digital skills and market reach underscores
the potential of digital literacy to enhance business growth. By addressing these
challenges through targeted interventions-such as training programs, financial
assistance, and technical support-this study aims to empower women entrepreneurs
within Kudumbasree units, driving economic growth and promoting inclusivity in
Kerala's digital economy.
Keywords:- digital literacy, women entrepreneurs, kudumbasree, e-commerce,
economic growth.

Abstract
This study describes a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scholarly
publications on the arena of Ayurvedic medicines in the context of marketing,
aiming to delineate the global research patterns in this field. Sourcing data from
several reputable academic journals from 1980 to 2024 identified key research clusters,
prolific sources of data. Interpretations of citation data reveal the impactful works
that have shaped understanding and discourse on Ayurvedic medicines in the context
of marketing. Data extracted from PubMed data base and the final number of
document results is 143. The analysis also uncovers emerging trends, shifts in research
methodologies, and the practical implications of ayurvedic medicines in the context
of marketing. The mapping process is done by using R tool (Biblioshiny) and VOS
Viewer. The search methodology involves focusing on a specific subject area and
using titles, keywords, and abstracts of the study materials. The search methodology
involves focusing on a specific subject area and using titles, keywords, and abstracts
of the study materials.
Keywords:- Bibliometrics, Ayurvedic Medicines, Marketing, Systematic Review,
R Tool, Vosviewer.

Abstract
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in Kerala's
economy, contributing significantly to employment and regional development.
However, these enterprises face numerous financial challenges that hinder their growth
and sustainability. This study explores the key financial obstacles MSMEs face
in Kerala, including limited access to capital, stringent loan requirements, inadequate
financial literacy, and a lack of awareness about government schemes. For this study,
primary data has been used to fulfil the research objectives. Data was gathered
from a sample survey of 200 MSME respondents using multistage stratified random
sampling. The data collection was conducted in person through a structured
questionnaire. Using a Mann-Whitney U Test, the study compares the financial
challenges between micro and small enterprises, revealing significant differences in
their experiences. The findings highlight that these challenges adversely affect micro-enterprises, particularly in securing financial resources and managing
economic and operational factors.
Keywords:- MSMEs, Financial challenges, Kerala economy, Government
schemes, Economic resilience, Operational costs.

Abstract
The paper discusses various social and economic disparities of differently-abled
people across India, focusing on financial literacy, education, and employment.
Utilising the data extracted from Census 2011, the National Sample Survey's
Round 76 report, and the National Centre for Financial Education report, the
study reveals significant gaps in resource access for this marginalized group. In the
face of legal advancements like the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act of
2016, achieving true inclusion persists. The findings underscore rural-urban and
gender disparities, with rural residents and women with disabilities on the losing
end of the continuum in education, job opportunities, and financial literacy. This
paper highlights a pressing demand for targeted financial education programs
and inclusive policies that consider the unique challenges faced by the differently-abled.
Keywords:- Financial Literacy, Diffe

Abstract
In health insurance, when the premium is paid by the insured, the insurance
company reduce the financial constraints arising on account of a medical emergency.
Health insurance is slowly catching and capturing the market. Insurance may be
provided through a Government-sponsored social program or by a private insurance
company. In a populated country like India, families face the problem of inability
to access and afford health care services. Therefore they may be compelled to
depend on the public health care system which is not properly maintained. The health
insurance companies have to come forward to put an end to this situation. They
have to come up with new innovative products and private health service providers.
This study focuses on the relationship between marketing mix components, customer
satisfaction and brand loyalty with special reference to health insurance in Thanjavur
district.
Keywords:- Health insurance, Medical emergency, Marketing mix components,
Customer satisfaction, Brand loyalty.

Abstract
Agriculture in India is vulnerable to risks such as climate change, natural disasters,
and market fluctuations, necessitating effective risk management strategies. This study
investigates the importance of agricultural insurance as a means to mitigate these
risks, with a focus on its effectiveness and the challenges it faces in the Indian context.
The primary objectives are to assess the impact of existing insurance schemes on
the resilience of farmers, identify obstacles to widespread adoption, and suggest
measures for enhancement. Through analysis of secondary data, the study finds
that while initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana provide a safety net,
their impact is limited by factors such as low awareness, high premium costs, and
complex claim procedures. The study highlights the critical need for improvements,
such as increased farmer education and simplified claim processes, to boost
participation in agricultural insurance. The key finding is that addressing these issues
can greatly enhance farmers' financial stability and lead to more consistent agricultural
outputs.
Keywords:- Agricultural insurance, Crop Insurance, Agricultural Schemes,
Insurance Adoption, Sustainable Agriculture.

Abstract
This study examines the research environment of cooperation in banking by
conducting a comprehensive bibliometric analysis over the years. For evaluating the
research trend in the field, a total of 874 articles were retrieved from the Scopus
database. The work of 'Guinnane Timothy W' in 2001 stands out as one of the
most cited works among the analysed documents. Italy has the highest number of
scientific productions in the field of cooperative banking. Most of the selected
papers are articles which are about 428, book chapters are 74 and reviews are 25
under the total database. To analyse the data and provide a thorough
picture of the trend, thematic focus, and scientific production in the area of
cooperation and banking environment, a bibliometric technique was used. These
results help to identify the current status of cooperation and banking and to make
valuable contributions in this field. The results can help researchers particularly those
who are just starting out in the subject of banking and cooperation define their
areas of interest and potential study topics related to cooperation in banking.
Keywords:- Cooperation, cooperative sector, banking, bibliometric analysis,
bibliometrics r package, bibliophily.

Abstract
The Public Distribution System (PDS) in Kerala is a cornerstone of the state's
welfare initiatives, designed to ensure food security and alleviate poverty by providing
essential commodities at subsidized rates through a vast network of ration shops.
Despite being recognized for its efficiency and extensive coverage, the system faces
challenges, particularly in the wake of the National Food Security Act (NFSA). This
article examines the satisfaction levels and challenges faced by PDS dealers in Kerala.
While dealers express contentment with technological advancements and consumer-related
factors, significant dissatisfaction persists regarding business-related factors
such as inadequate commissions, poor-quality goods, and delays in the distribution
of commodities from FCI warehouses. Key issues of dealers include insufficient
returns, weight shortages, corruption among FCI and Civil Supplies staff, and
frequent failures of EPOS machines. By highlighting these challenges, the article
provides critical insights for policymakers and stakeholders to address these concerns
and improve the efficiency and sustainability of the PDS in Kerala.
Keywords:- Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS), Fair Price Shop (FPS), Food
Corporation of India (FCI), National Food Security Act (NFSA), Public Distribution
System (PDS).

Abstract
CRM - an acronym of three words, Customer, Relationship and Management,
is one of the most powerful tools for preventing high customer attrition in the
present-day global business scenario. In the context of CRM, 'Customer' stands for
good customers, reliable and trustworthy -past, present and potential. 'Relationship
'stands for continuous, permanent and cordial relation. 'Management' refers to
planning and controlling tools, techniques and strategies to create, develop and
maintain customer relationships. As the need of the hour, the entities realize the value
of customers and customer relationships. Studies show that the cost of creating a
new customer is six times more than maintaining an existing customer. The chance
of selling a product to a present customer is much higher than selling to a new
customer. A satisfied customer tells many about the product, service and the provider.
It is further observed that if the customer complaints are promptly addressed, the
chance of leaving is too narrow. This fact is being realized by the entities and they
are trying to keep customer relationship by all possible means including keeping the
customer data base and sharing the data among all departments to ensure excellent
and timely service during the entire customer life cycle.
Keywords:- Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Quality Circle (QC),
Total Quality Management (TQM), Retention, Attrition.

Abstract
Savings habits and investment behaviour play a critical role in ensuring financial
stability and managing future uncertainties. While traditional saving methods are
perceived as safer, the stock market has emerged as a vital yet riskier platform
influencing the global economy. However, gaps in financial literacy, risk understanding,
and access to timely advice persist, limiting broader public engagement in stock
market investments. The advent of technological advancements, particularly
streamlined advertising and AI-driven marketing, has reshaped the stock market
landscape by enhancing accessibility, improving information flow, and providing
tools for better decision-making. This study specifically examines investor perceptions
of content, presentation, and information flow in streamlined advertising and AI-based
marketing. Additionally, the study explores the influence of these advancements
on changing investment attitudes, particularly in risk factors, investment patterns,
diversification, and seeking more investment opportunities. By addressing these
objectives, the research provides insights into the effectiveness of technology-driven
strategies in bridging critical gaps and fostering a more informed and proactive
investment culture.
Keywords:- Savings, Investment, Behaviour, Advertisement, Streamline.

Abstract
By outlining the few researches on the topic "Impact of blended learning on
the work-life balance of higher education teachers" that have been done, this study
tries to fill the research gap. The Dimension database was used to retrieve the
research data. The period under study is from 2018 through 2022. Research
has been done on citation analysis based on authors, documents, organizations, and
countries. Utilizing the free and open-source VOS viewer, the data is analysed.
According to the results of the bibliometrics study, Australia is the country with
the most publications in this area. Singala, Mariamma, Su, Yu-Sheng, Lin, and chien-
Liang were the authors of the study's most noteworthy paper. With 300 citations,
University of Malaya is the organisation with the most number. The year 2022 has
the most publications. This paper presented the publication patterns and citation
trends for the Impact of blended learning on the work-life balance of higher education
teachers. As a result, this work will be helpful to emerging scholars in this field.
Keywords:- Blended Learning, work-life balance, higher education teaching,
VOS viewer, citation analysis.

Abstract
Efficiency is the ability to produce maximum output with available input. It is
achieving the maximum output with minimum material, money, energy, and effort.
Efficiency Analysis is a yardstick to measure the performance of a business
organization in all terms. The concept of cost efficiency indicates how much a
company should minimize its costs while producing the same level of output. This
paper analyzes the cost efficiency of two major public chemical companies in Kerala
over the period 2012-2022. The main objectives of this study are to analyse the
cost efficiency of selected companies and their comparison. The present study has
used the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to analyse the cost efficiency
of the respective companies. DEA is a nonparametric cost efficiency model used
to analyse the relative efficiency of Decision Making Units (DMUs). The study
adopted the DEA model (input-oriented) with the Variable Returns to Scale (VRS)
and the Constant returns to Scale (CRS) assumptions. It is found that both companies
are operating under increasing RTS and the cost efficiencies of KMML are better
and more stable than TTPL. The rising RTS indicates that there are opportunities
for the business to reach a stable level of productivity.
Keywords:- Cost Efficiency, Public Sector Undertaking, Data Envelopment
Analysis (DEA), Variable Returns to Scale (VRS), Constant Returns to Scale (CRS),
Scale Efficiency

Abstract
Fish processing industries develop an enormous level of fish waste which
always raises a serious sustainability issue and there is a need for inculcating
value-added seafood products both in our domestic industry and export platter to capture a new horizon of the market. Apart from that it is a phase of difficulty
in waste disposal which leads to serious environmental issues which projects the
necessity of conducting such a review. Perhaps it is very relevant to conduct a
review on the conversion of this fish processing waste to high-value-added seafood
products. A systematic literature review has been conducted and as a part of the
planning of the search process, proper inclusion and exclusion criteria along with
complementary inclusion and exclusion have been adopted. The results are rigour returns
with a list of impact journals in the study area and a detail of articles that are related
to each category of research questions. Data were extracted and synthesized with
those who have open access from eminent journals through Scopus, dimensions, ERIC,
Google Scholar etc..
Keywords:- Sustainability, Value added fish products, fish waste, by-products,
and environmental pollution.

Abstract
Luxury brands are perceived to have high quality, high price, exclusivity, scarcity,
authenticity, uniqueness, and a plethora of non-functional associations. Creating luxury
brand loyalty is a way of ensuring the willingness of a customer to repurchase the
brand again and again. Developing a loyal customer base offers long-term benefits
to companies, underscoring the importance of nurturing positive relationships with
customers.. The study attempts to create a conceptual framework outlining the
factors influencing brand loyalty in luxury brands. Secondary data were used for the
study. Data was collected from journal articles, book chapters, and conference
papers. The research findings reveal that brand experience, brand love, brand
prestige, brand trust, brand engagement and perceived quality constitute the
crucial factors influencing luxury brand loyalty.
Keywords:- Brand Experience, Brand Love, Brand Loyalty, Luxury Brands,
Perceived Quality.