Institute of Management Development and Research(IMDR)

Abstract
Online shopping is one of the most important contributions of the digital
revolution. It helps customers connect to an endless number of online
dealers and open unlimited shopping avenues on a 24/7 basis. It has brought
changes in people's shopping behaviour as it eliminates the time and place
constraints inherent in traditional shopping. Online shopping has been offering cost-effective
access to a vast array of products that are delivered to the customers'
doorsteps. The study evaluates customers' perceptions regarding the factors that
drive them towards online shopping and the barriers that restrict them from online
shopping. The perceptional difference is also examined between the two groups. A
five-point Likert scale is used for data collection and is tested by using Mann
Whitney U test. Both online and traditional shopping customers perceive that
convenience and lower prices are the primary 'drivers' influencing their shopping
choices. However, traditional shoppers acknowledge the concerns about authenticity
as a barrier. The absence of physical verification is a limitation perceived by online
shoppers. Furthermore, significant differences exist between both customer
groups in their perceptions towards the drivers and barriers of online shopping.
Keywords:- Online Shopping, Barriers, Drivers, Perception, Digital Platforms.

Abstract
India is steadily advancing to become the skill capital of the world. Favourable
demographic patterns accelerate the economic growth of the country. According to
the National Skill Development Mission Policy Framework published by the Ministry
of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship in 2015, the percentage of formally
skill-trained workforce in the Indian economy constitutes only 2.3 per cent in contrast to
96 per cent in South Korea, 80 per cent in Japan, 75 per cent in Germany, 68 per cent
in the UK and other developed economies. Skill India Mission launched in 2015 was a
strong policy response to fight out this skill deficiency. The present paper attempts to
bring out the progress of specific sub-schemes under the Skill India Mission over the
past six years focusing on enrollment, training, certification etc. State-wise analysis of
the PMKVY scheme reveals that the percentage of trainees who got certified in its
launching year was 73.09 per cent, which enlarged to 83.20 per cent in the second
phase of 2016-2020. However, a considerable decline of 17.57 per cent is visible in
the latest statistics of PMKY3.0 (2020-2021) indicating the pragmatic constraints to
be addressed. The paper also portrays the supply side and demand side restraints
aggravating the skill gap in Indian labour market and suggests policy alternatives.
Keywords:- EHuman Capital, Skill Development, Employment, Economic
Growth, Apprenticeship.

Abstract
The study explores the factors influencing green consumer behaviour towards
selected fast-moving consumer goods (FMCGs) in Kerala. Utilizing a descriptive
research design, the research targets consumers of green products from eight organic
product companies. Data were collected from 521 respondents through deliberate
sampling, focusing on various demographics such as age, educational qualifications,
and monthly income. The survey, conducted in supermarkets across five districts in
Kerala, gathered insights on Environmental Commitment, Product Quality, Product
Cost, Packaging Influence, Availability, Consumer Attitude, Purchase Decision, and
Consumer Buying Behavior. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical
techniques to identify significant differences and associations among the demographic
groups. The findings provide valuable insights into the green consumer market in
Kerala, highlighting the importance of demographic factors in shaping consumer
behaviour towards environmentally friendly products.
Keywords:- Green Consumer Behavior, Fast-Moving Consumer Goods
(FMCGs), Environmental Commitment.

Abstract
Issuing an Initial Public Offering (IPO) is a crucial step for companies
in India to access capital markets and drive growth. However, the increasing incidence
of IPO fraud poses significant risks to investors, potentially deterring participation.
Despite the importance of understanding these risks, there is limited research on
the awareness and perceptions of retail investors in India regarding IPO investments.
This study aims to fill this gap by exploring three key objectives: assessing investor
awareness of IPOs, understanding the regulations mandated by the Securities and
Exchange Board of India (SEBI), and analyzing investor perceptions of risk
associated with IPO investments. Primary data was collected from 100 individual
investors through a structured questionnaire, with the results analyzed using a one-sample
t-test. The findings indicate that investors are generally aware of IPOs and
the risks involved. However, there is a pressing need for stricter regulations and
more robust legal frameworks to increase transparency and protect investors from
fraud. This study highlights the critical role of regulatory oversight in ensuring a
secure environment for IPO investments, thereby enhancing investor confidence
and participation in the Indian securities market.
Keywords:- IPOs, Financial frauds, Securities market, Risk, Capitalisation.

Abstract
This study, titled "Efficiency of Fund Management Practices of Grama
Panchayats in Kerala" examines the factors influencing the efficiency of fund utilization
by these local government bodies. Focusing on the period from 2007-08 to 2020-
21, the research investigates whether the source of funds and the year of allocation
significantly impact fund utilization efficiency. Utilizing financial records from various
Grama Panchayats, the study employs descriptive statistics and regression analysis
to evaluate the allocation and expenditure rates of different funding sources, such
as Plan Funds, Own Funds, State Sponsored Funds, and Centrally Sponsored Funds.
The findings provide insights into financial management practices, and identify best
practices, and highlight areas needing improvement. This research is crucial for
enhancing the financial accountability and effectiveness of Grama Panchayats,
ultimately contributing to better governance and socio-economic development in
Kerala's rural areas.
Keywords:- Fund Utilization Efficiency, Grama Panchayats, Financial
Management Practices, Fund management, Plan funds, effective governance.

Abstract
This study performs a comparative analysis of Human Resource Accounting
(HRA) disclosure practices in three major Indian public sector companies BHEL
(Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited), HPCL (Hindustan Petroleum Corporation
Limited), and Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (BPCL). This study examines
the frameworks and methods employed by these companies for Human Resource
Accounting (HRA), as well as the factors that impact their reporting practices. The
factors encompass organizational age, profitability, capital structure, enterprise value,
and turnover. The study utilizes both descriptive and comparative research techniques
to get insight into the present condition of HRA disclosures in these companies. The
comparative aspect focuses on conducting an in-depth analysis of the differences
in HRA reporting between BHEL, HPCL, and BPCL. The findings show notable
differences in HRA methodologies and the transparency of disclosures among the
companies. This comparative analysis deepens the understanding of HRA practices
in the Indian corporate sector and provides valuable insights for investors,
stakeholders, and academics aiming to improve the effectiveness of HRA reporting.
Keywords:- Human Resource Accounting (HRA), Disclosure Frameworks,
Reporting Practices, Determinants of HRA, Corporate Reporting.

Abstract
Banks are crucial to the financial sector's operation and the nation's economic
growth. By directing money toward investments and improving resource allocation
efficiency, the banking sector plays a significant role in fostering economic growth.
The development of India is increasingly viewed as predicated on the existence of
an effective banking system. The foundation of India's financial system is these
institutions, which act as a gathering place for investors and savers. The Reserve
Bank of India (RBI), which oversees the whole Indian financial industry, is the
central bank that regulates the country's banking system. Small Finance Banks (SFBs)
in India are financial institutions that primarily focus on providing financial services
to small and marginal customers, including small business units, small and marginal
farmers, micro and small industries, and unorganized sector entities. Small Finance
Banks work as savings vehicles as well, as they are engaged in offering
credit facilities to small business units, micro and small industries, small and marginal
farmers and other unorganized sectors through their advanced technology & low-cost
operations.
Keywords:- Reserve Bank of India, Financial Sector, Monetary Policy, Fiscal
Policy, Small Finance Banks, Financial Institutions, Financial Literacy, Financial
Inclusion.

Abstract
This study examines the perception and experiences of members of Nidhi
companies, focusing on understanding their perspectives within these unique financial
institutions. Nidhi companies offer attractive interest rates on deposits and provide
small loans to their members. Through qualitative interviews and surveys, this research
delves into the reasons behind members' positive perceptions, such as the sense of
community, financial benefits, and personalized services. It also addresses any
concerns or challenges faced by members, including issues related to governance,
transparency, and accessibility of funds. By exploring the member perspective, this
study contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics within Nidhi
companies, highlighting the factors that shape members' perceptions and experiences.
The findings provide insights for Nidhi companies to enhance their services, improve
member satisfaction, and foster stronger relationships within the membership
community.
Keywords:- Public perception, Nidhi companies, Alternative investment options,
Diversification, Service Quality.

Abstract
The term "luxury marketing" describes the strategic techniques and approaches
used by businesses to market and sell high-end or premium goods and services that
are connected to exclusivity, excellence, craftsmanship, and prestige. It involves
knowing and appealing to the distinct desires, ambitions, and lifestyles of affluent
consumers who are looking for products and services that convey status,
sophistication, and exceptional value. To establish strong relationships with
customers, luxury marketing methods often go beyond traditional marketing
strategies, emphasizing components like emotional resonance, storytelling,
and experiential marketing. The study is mainly concentrated on identifying successful
marketing strategies employed by luxury brands. Secondary data were used for the
study. The study found that going digital is the most effective marketing strategy
for a luxury brand in the current scenario.
Keywords:- Luxury brands, luxury marketing strategies, Brand identity, Brand
success, Digital marketing.

Abstract
Stress is a mental state of strain or tension which arises from adverse or
demanding circumstances. Occupational stress means ongoing stress which an
employee experiences due to the responsibilities, conditions, environment, or other
pressures specific to an occupation. The employees in the IT sector are known as
knowledge workers as the nature of the job is such. Technological advancement,
which is the improvement and innovation of the utility of science, is at a fast pace in
IT sector. The first objective of this paper is to gather insights of a practical nature
from employees in the IT sector regarding their perceptions of stress, stressors,
consequences and mitigation measures. Opinions suggest that stress among techies
in India can be caused by a mix of factors, including long hours before the computer,
strict deadlines, implicit and explicit pressure to perform, insecure jobs, work-life
imbalances, and international competition in the industry. The second objective of
this paper is to quantitatively evaluate the vocation-educational background linkages.
It was found that such a strong correlation indeed exists. It is recommended that IT
companies, especially talent managers need to include the connotations of the educational
background of candidates on their ability to cope with potential occupational stress.
Keywords:- stress, information technology, occupational stress, Career and
educational background, coping with stress.

Abstract
The Quick Service Restaurant (QSR) sector is a rapidly growing segment of
the fast-food industry, designed to offer efficient, affordable, and standardized
food services. Despite its growth, the QSR industry faces significant challenges in
managing human capital, particularly with high employee turnover intention. This
study aims to identify the factors contributing to turnover intention among QSR
employees in Kerala and propose strategic solutions to mitigate this issue. A mixed-method
research design was employed, involving both qualitative and quantitative
approaches. The research focused on key factors such as Organizational Culture,
Organizational Justice, and Opportunities for Career Development. Findings reveal
that these elements significantly influence turnover intention. The study also
demonstrates that employees have a positive outlook on the proposed strategic
solutions, with solution 3 emerging as the most effective in reducing turnover rates.
The research concludes that addressing these factors through targeted strategies can
enhance employee retention and improve service quality in the QSR sector.
Keywords:- Quick Service Restaurants, Employee Turnover Intention,
Organization Culture, Organisational Justice, Career Development.